Journal of Iraqi AL-Khwarizmi

Weak Equality Co-Neighbourhood Domination in Graphs

2024-01-20T21:43:34+00:00

When

Improving the Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells Using Photo- Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Plant Dyes Solutions Doped with Nanoparticles

2024-01-20T22:25:02+00:00

In this research, natural dyes were used as luminous solar concentrates to improve the
efficiency of solar cells. In this study, natural dyes (kujrat , saffron and raisins) were used
after dissolving them in pure water as a solvent because it does not affect the properties of
the dyes by (0.001, 0.002, 0.003) grams per 100 ml of pure water. After dissolving the
dyes in water and preparing the concentrations used in the research, zinc oxide
nanomaterials were added, and the absorbance and fluorescence were calculated for each
concentration, The optical properties were studied over a wavelength range (200-800) nm.
The results showed that increasing the concentration of the dyes leads to an increase in
the intensity of the absorbance and a decrease in the fluorescence, but when adding the
nanomaterials zinc oxide, the absorbance increases and the fluorescence decreases with
an increase in the concentration of the dyes. and the solar concentrator efficiency was
calculated for each concentration highest efficiency of a solar cell using Kujrat dye was (
η=1.670%) . Calculation of cell efficiency without dye( η=0879%) .

Convergence On Daniell Space With Some Of Their Properties

2024-01-20T21:56:55+00:00

In this work, we introduce the concept of three types of convergence (convergence almost everywhere, almost uniformly convergence, convergence in norm) in relation to Daniell integration with the properties of each type, and then discuss the relationship between these three types, and finally we present the basic theorems of convergence, such as Dominated convergence theorem, monotone convergence theorem and Fatou's lemma

limited Arabic Alphabet Symbols Based on Lips Movement

2024-01-20T21:39:39+00:00

In this research, the development of deep learning algorithms was relied upon and employed in the field of computer vision for the purpose of building symbols for the Arabic alphabet with a limited capacity to cover specific requirements.
The network (CNN) is adopted for the purpose of tracking the movement of the lips when pronouncing selected words in the Arabic language by showing the borders of the lips (Lips land marks) and calculating the distance between the lips to determine the state of the mouth (open / closed) when forming a code for the selected words from the Arabic language and according to work requirements Where a special binary code is generated by tracking the movement of the lips, since the closed mouth is zero and the open mouth is the one as a basis for building codes for those movements.

Fibrewise Multi-Separation Axioms

2024-01-20T22:21:23+00:00

The aim of the research is to apply fibrewise multi-emisssions of the
paramount separation axioms of normally topology namely fibrewise
multi-T0. spaces, fibrewise multi-T1 spaces, fibrewise multi-R0 spaces,
fibrewise multi-Hausdorff spaces, fibrewise multi-functionally
Hausdorff spaces, fibrewise multi-regular spaces, fibrewise multicompletely
regular spaces, fibrewise multi-normal spaces and fibrewise
multi-functionally normal spaces. Also we give many score regarding it.

Some Properties of S-closed Fuzzy Submodules

2024-01-20T21:53:17+00:00

In this paper we introduce and study S-closed F-submodules of a F-module

Particle Swarm Optimization for Optimal Reliability Allocation with Discrete Cost-reliability Data for Components

2024-01-20T21:35:07+00:00

In this work, the reliability function of a complex system is calculated, together with the ideal reliability distribution among the system's components that will be constructed. The majority of research to date has adopted the exponentially growing closed functions to associate cost and reliability, despite the fact that it is commonly known that component cost is an increasing function of their reliability. In actuality, these functions are sometimes ill-defined or challenging to construct, hence it is frequently logical to discuss cost-reliability connections between discrete data sets. We take into account scenarios where each component is offered in a range of reliability levels at varying pricing. A non-linear integer program is the consequence of a design optimization challenge. We introduce particle swarm optimization (PSO) to calculate the system reliability assignment for each system component as well as to compute the overall system reliability since each system configuration has an equivalent representation as either a serial connection to parallel subsystems or a parallel connection to serial subsystems. Each system component's cost was determined using three cost functions.

خوارزمية تشفير متناظرة بمفتاح ثنائي, باستخدام فيثاغوريّات مولّدة بعدد فردي

2024-01-20T22:17:19+00:00

 يستند هذا البحث إلى بناء ثلاثيّات, رباعيات, خماسيّات, ... فيثاغوريّة, انطلاق ا من عدد فردي
ولتكن هذه الفيثاغوريّات:
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 x ,x ,x , x ,x ,x ,x , x ,x ,x ,x ,,x ,...
للتشفير بالاعتماد على الفيثاغوريّات المنشأة وبمفتاح Luma and Raufi ومن ثمّ تطوير خوارزميّة
عدد طبيعي لا يساوي الصفر. m عدد صحيح فردي و  حيث

On i-subspace of i- topological Proximity pace

2024-01-20T21:49:20+00:00

In this paper, we will define the subspace of

Finite Element Method for Solving Elliptic 2D Problem on Linear Triangular Element

2024-01-20T22:10:27+00:00

This study investigates the finite element method for second order
elliptic issues in a two-dimensional polygonal region. In view of the
practical regularity assumptions of the real solution, optimal order
error estimates in

Study of the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of In2S3 Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Method

2024-01-20T21:45:27+00:00

In2S3 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by the use of the vacuum thermal evaporation technique, and then thermally annealed in free air atmosphere at 350 °C for 2h. The structural, optical and the electrical properties of the films were studied as a function of the annealing temperature and the film thickness. X-ray diffraction analysis shows amorphous nature of thin film and the powder was polycrystalline structure. The films show good homogeneity which was obtained from (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer .The study objective: is Preparing thin films of Indium Sulfide by vacuum thermal evaporation method, studying their Structural, Optical and Electrical properties, and demonstrating the possibility of using them in electronic applications. Conclusion: The structural, optical and electrical tests of the prepared thin film showed agreement with the literature's, with a clear distinction of the effect of annealing on the obtained results represented by an increase in the crystallinity of the prepared films, in addition to the effect of the optical properties because the annealing temperature leads to the loss of part of the sulfur present in the thin films.

Daniell Integral With Some Of Their Properties

2024-01-20T21:58:28+00:00

space and some basic results related to them, and we proved that the extension Daniel space is a complete space, and then we introduced the concept of Danielly integrable functions by introducing the concept of the upper and lower Daniel integration. Finally, some properties of this integration have been proven

Calculation of the correlation energy of three electron systems of 20 to 25 electrons

2024-01-20T21:41:40+00:00

In this research the Hartree- Fock energies were calculated for three-electron systems (Ca+17 ,
Sc+18, Ti+19, V+20 , Cr+21 and Mn+22) have (Z=20-25) are obtained by an account the atomic
properties by using the Hartree- Fock method and Mathcad 14 program, the total expectation
value energy 〈EHF〉 and the correlation energy are important property account in this research and
when comparing the result with published results. It was found that there is a good agreement.

Numerical Stabilization for Prey-Predator Model

2024-01-20T22:23:02+00:00

The dynamical system is a notion that is used to explain how many events behave
in our everyday lives. Both linear and nonlinear varieties are available. Stability
and chaos, two fundamental characteristics that are further divided into discrete
and continuous categories for models showing chaotic behavior and occasionally
requiring stabilization and synchronization, define the latter. For this, there are
numerous strategies. In this study, the prey-predator model's chaotic behavior is
stabilized without the addition of any control factors. This method is thought to
be effective for models with difficult-to-find analytical solutions. Also, the
Jacobian matrix eigenvalues' modulus exceeds one. The viability and efficiency
of this stabilizing approach are finally shown

On Lattice Normed Space

2024-01-20T21:55:03+00:00

In the current paper, submitted defined of space as metric of lattice, lattice norm, latticeΔ-norm, Banach lattice, lattice quasi-norm, lattice F-norm, lattice space being modular , lattice semi-normed space, Minkowski functional, sequence of Cauchy , space and we proved some theorms.

Solar Photovoltaics A Review

2024-01-20T21:37:32+00:00

The rise in surface temperature has a negative effect on P.V. module's output. This increase is due to the heat generated during the conversion of sunlight into electricity, which has an impact on the panel's durability, efficiency, and power output. The use of cooling solutions can potentially provide a way to avoid excessive PV panel heating and lower cell temperature. In addition to outlining several practical cooling techniques, this study also identifies next research directions and proposes unique and cutting-edge PV panel cooling solutions. To offer greater understanding and helpful advice for researchers who plan to explore, enhance, or optimize any form of cooling strategies for PV modules, many qualities and capabilities of each cooling strategy are presented. Due to the recent rise in fossil fuel prices and the associated global warming, alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly have come to the forefront of discussion. Of these, solar photovoltaics is a dependable option to meet the sharp rise in worldwide energy demand. The development of low-cost, powerful solar cells has thus been a primary focus for the scientific community. The most major types of photovoltaic (PV) devices developed in the last six decades will be explored, together with certain novel ideas for high efficiency solar cells, for showing the state-of-the-art in solar PVs.

Fibrewise Multi-Compact and Locally Multi- Compact Spaces

2024-01-20T22:19:34+00:00

The aim of the research is to apply fibrewise multi-emisssions of the paramount
separation axioms of normally topology namely fibrewise multi-T0. spaces,
fibrewise multi-T1 spaces, fibrewise multi-R0 spaces, fibrewise multi-
Hausdorff spaces, fibrewise multi-functionally Hausdorff spaces, fibrewise
multi-regular spaces, fibrewise multi-completely regular spaces, fibrewise
multi-normal spaces and fibrewise multi-functionally normal spaces. Also we
give many score regarding it.

Subordination Result for new subclass of Regular Univalent Functions

2024-01-20T21:51:24+00:00

The objective of present work is to introduce new classes (

Numerical Solution of Helmholtz Equation using Fuzzy Data

2024-01-20T21:29:18+00:00

In this paper, we have discussed fuzzification of partial differential equation Helmholtz Equation in two dimensions are considered . The interval of fuzzy interval used. The finite difference method applied of two different meshs using 5-points. first for initial values and the second for dissolve Helmholtz equation numerically

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles and study their effect on optical properties of acridine orange dye

2024-01-20T22:12:41+00:00

In this work, a fluorinated Acridine Orange dye dissolved in distillate water at four
different molar concentrations (0.5 ×10-6, 1 × 10-6,0.5 × 10-5, and 1 × 10-5). Gold
nanoparticles were prepared using the chemical reduction method using gold
chloride at a concentration of (0.01 M) with sodium citrate. The reaction resulted in
a red liquid containing gold nanoparticles. Using a particle size analyzer device, an
analysis was carried out for the red liquid containing gold nanoparticles and the
proportion of 45% of the liquid contained particles of (9-11 nm) size. The gold
nanoparticles were added to the prepared dye samples with different volume
concentrations (5,10, and 15) % for each prepared sample. The linear optical
properties of the prepared samples before and after the addition were studied using a
spectrophotometer within the range (200-800 nm). The optical parameters of all
prepared samples were calculated (absorbance, transmittance, reflectivity,
absorption coefficient, linear refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical
conductivity), and the results showed the presence of a wide peak of absorption and
an increase in the value of the optical parameters after adding gold nanoparticles
and their increase with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles as well as
movement of absorption peak towards longer wavelengths (red shift).

New largest bounds of (

2024-01-20T21:47:20+00:00

A projective plane is defined as a structural geometry comprising points and lines related through a specific mathematical relationship. As a case study, a projective plane of order (ω) is considered in this research, including a number of points signified by a quadratic equation (ω2+ ω +1) and a number of lines signified by the same equation and represented by PG(2,ω). Each line can convey (ω +1) points, and each point can pass through (ω +1) lines. The blocking set S is defined by a group of points, where every single line can have at least ℓ points of S, and other lines can have exactly ℓ number of points of S. It is worth noting that the blocking set S is a complementary part of a (d,m)-arc D taking into account that ℓ=ω+1−m. In short, this study aims to prove that (d,m)-arcs are not existing at ω equal to seventy nine.

Nearly Endo Semi T–ABSO Submodules and Related Concepts

2024-01-20T22:00:03+00:00

The interactions of the Endo semi prime submodule, the Endo semil-T-ABSO submodule, and the Jacobson radical are compared in this paper. In order to address the relationship between these notions, we present two concepts: the Nearly Endo semi prime submodule and the Nearly Endo semi T-ABSO submodule. The examination reveals a number of traits that back up the creative notions. The Nearly Endo semi T-ABSO submodule structure is also looked at, and it is demonstrated that the Nearly Endo T-ABSO submodule and the Nearly Endo semi T-ABSO submodule are connected using basic algebraic methods. The Nearly Endo semi T-ABSO submodules compatibility with other submodule kinds is another issue that is covered. The study's findings are critical to the development of a new Nearly Endo semi TABSO submodule.